The 18th Century Enlightenment - 1487 Words

Upon analyzing the contemporaries of the 18th century enlightenment period, it is important to note that the idea of â€Å"change† caused unease and anxiety to settle in. The enlightenment was a European philosophical movement led by philosophers, Kant, Voltaire, Rousseau, Hobbes, and Locke. These thinkers began to question the way of life in the contemporary world and discussed the potential of â€Å"man†. Immanuel Kant hypothesized that man is immature and has yet to find his true potential. Questioning the simplicity and purpose of life frightened some, as a result, the enlightenment polarized society, some of which were anxious towards change, others were excited to seek the potential of the human mind. The philosophy prior to the enlightenment dates back to Plato and Aristotle s philosophy of the way states should function, a reflection of the concepts of Guardians, Auxiliaries, and Producers. However, as time passed the simplicity of life became irrelevant, as th e man began to realize his potential. Conflict arose as many were very loyal to the church and enlightened thinking was in direct conflict with the edicts of religious dogma. As the anxiety filled contemporaries were narrowed down to primarily those of the Christian faithful. This is why it is interesting to note that Immanuel Kant grew up in a religious Christian household. It took Immanuel Kant until he was 50 to become a professor. But once he became a professor his theorems were noted by the generalShow MoreRelatedEnlightenment And The Enlightenment Movement In The 18th Century975 Words   |  4 PagesEnlightenment is a concept that promoted individual rational logic and thinking as more valuable than traditional. The enlightenment thinkers rejected the old assumption about everything and committed to things that could be demonstrated through scientific experimentation. They are loosely organized intellectual movement, egalitarian, liberal, rationalist, secular, and impartia l in both values and outlook. In the longer term standpoint, the enlightenment can be taken to the last phase of the cumulativeRead MoreThe Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th Century Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pagesintellectual leaders of the Enlightenment were bankers, merchants, and professional men who had education and wealth. As a result of their political voice being denied to them, these men paved the way for the French Revolution through their skeptical attitudes toward government, religion, and social traditions. This group of aggressive dissenters and critics of the Old Regime, the prerevolution monarchy, were the Philosophes. The Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th century involved a particular groupRead MoreEssay on 18th Century, Period of Enlightenment485 Words   |  2 Pages The Enlightenment took place during the 18th century and was defined as mans leaving his self-caused immaturity. A popular motto took place: dare to know. It was a period of questioning and appliance of reasoning to explore many subjects often left untouched. People were leaving behind their past and advocating the use of scientific method instead of unproven beliefs on religion. The Enlightenment takes its name from those who wanted to contribute to a brighter future and society. DifferentRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The Enlightenment Of The 18th Century1012 Words   |  5 PagesAfter the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment of the 16th and 17th centuries, much of Europe began to embrace progress. This new worldview led to the Industrial Revolution, a period beginning in the late 18th century and lasting through the 19th century in which England experienced economic expansion and a burst of new, major inventions that earned England great industrial power. However, this transformation did not come without issues. The problems of the Industrial Revolution, includingRead MoreThe And Enlightenment Ideals During The 18th And 19th Centuries998 Words   |  4 PagesAntisemitism and Enlightenment Ideals During the 18th and 19th centuries, antisemitism made its mark on Europe. Many people had prejudices against Jews and Judaism. However, there were also people striving for an Enlightened environment. A lot of ideas were generated on this topic and several viewpoints emerged. Papers and and books were written laying out these viewpoints, including the texts of Richard Wagner and Christian Wilhelm von Dohm. Wagner’s work, Judaism in Music, shows his strong opinionsRead MoreThe Feminist Movement Of The 18th Century Enlightenment Movement1417 Words   |  6 Pagesthe community-based society saw their values being displaced and those who fought for the self-centric changes they felt were necessary and right clashed over differing values. A prime example of this would be the feminist movement of the 18th Century Enlightenment movement; women were fighting to be perceived as equals, and they often conveyed ideas on their society and their positions in it though literature. In Mary Robinson’s satirically ironic The Natural Daughter, she does just that by narratingRead MoreWhat Is the Enlightenment? How Was This Question Answered by 18th Century Thinkers? and How Have Their Ideas Influenced Our Understanding of Modernity?962 Words   |  4 PagesThe Enlightenment of the eighteenth century was an intellectual movement and was seen to have different definitions created by a range of philosophes during and after the enlightenment period. These philosophers included Immanuel Kant, John Locke, Francis Bacon, Marquis de Condorcet, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Rene Descartes. Some believed that the enlightenment somewhat defined what we now call modernity and consider to be human. Immanuel Kant quoted in his famous 1784 essay, the â€Å"Enlightenment isRead MoreEssay on Revolution in Scientific Affairs977 Words   |  4 PagesEurope changed dramatically in the course of the 17th and 18th centuries. In many ways, this change was a result of changes in intellectual’s approach to natural history, or science. This revolution in scientific affairs, sparked by thinkers like Bacon, Newton, and Descartes, resulted in a significant upheaval in the arts and literature of Europe. Research into this spread of scientific thinking, which would eventually come to influence ideas about such wildly disparate fields of human endeavorRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1471 Words   |  6 Pageshistory, the 18th century marks a change in time. The age old traditions of the Ancient Regime and Catholic Church will see a shift in power. Power now in the hands of the people. Through bloodshed, the radical actions of the French Revolution sparked by philosophies of Enlightenment, will impact the future. Historical figures such as Robespierre heading the Great Assembly will drive change in culture through the revolution, in hopes of achieving enlightened societies. The 18th century marks the beginningRead MoreThe Importance of the Scientific Revolution to Europe1176 Words   |  5 Pagesthat many ask themselves when asked to define scientific revolution and enlightenment in the 17th/ 18th century. The terms â€Å"Scientific Revolution† and â€Å" Enlightenment† are used to describe two important phases that Europe came across during the 1500s to the 1800s. The 17th century scientific revolution left a huge impact on Europe leading it to the 18th century enlightenment. The Scientific Revolution in the 16th and 17th century was the start and new beginning to the modern science. The new discoveries

Movie Analysis Home - 864 Words

I had high hopes for the movie ‘HOME’ since Jim Parsons, and Rihanna were the voices for the main characters. Jim Parsons plays our hero Oh in this story a little alien that stood out from his kind who changed the fate of his race. Rihanna plays Tip our heroine is separated from her mother, whom she is trying to find again. Needless to say Tip and Oh meet up and work together to find Tips mother, Lucy, but also to save the planet from the Gorg invasion and total annihilation. The whole story of the movie comes from one of Adam Rex’s children s books I myself have not read the book, but the movie did need more plot structure. Piece of the movie fell off, leaving a few questions. However this is more of a children s movie than an adult movie with its catchy theme music, with the same rhythms, tones, and beats. The movie has good qualities, but it needed a little something more to help draw some of the attentions of the adult viewers. Maybe giving the movie more man -like qualities, such as the human race working to stop the invasion in the first place or showing the humans fighting back from their relocations. Boov one of the alien races in the movie are fearful and always run away. The Boov are running away from the Gorg, thanks to Captain Smek. During a peace meeting with the Gorg leader, he was terrified and ran taking the most precious thing from the Gorg. The Boov have been running away to different planets all their lives taking them over. They come across theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Home 1035 Words   |  5 PagesTHE HOME The non-descript building nestled in the northwest corner of the airport land. Lori Ann Walker had driven on the street on its east side many times. Today the building was of interest because she had interviewed for a job there. The interview was not conducted there but at a downtown office. When she had asked the name and location of the nursing home, the interviewer sternly told her to call back in two days. She wondered at the secrecy but when she had made the call yesterday, theRead MoreMovie Analysis : Home For The Holidays852 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding, the movie Home for the Holidays not only reveals a lot of potential family conflicts, but also reflects a lot of different communication approaches of the various family members. As a foreigner, I have never experienced Thanksgiving homecoming dinner before, so I may cannot understand some of the holiday customs in the movie, but I found out that their family interactions are interesting indeed. First of all, I want to analyze my favorite character in this movie--The father HenryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Long Walk Home 1307 Words   |  6 PagesThe Help is a drama filled movie that portrays inequality, and racial discrimination faced by African American woman, in which Tate Taylor adapted from Kathryn Stockett’s novel and rewrote and directed in the year 2011. This film stereotypes the roles of African American women during this time in history and fails to focus on the crucial reality faced by black women as domestic workers. The Civil Rights movement was very effective for African Americans; however black women still are faced with theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Car Ride Home 1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe car ride home was an awkward one. Neither Lexi nor Noah said a word to each other for a long time. Both of them were trying to collect their thoughts, a task that could only be done in silence. All Noah could think about was that gorgeous girl that had gotten between the fight. Who was she? She had courage to step into a shifter fight like that. Maybe she didn’t know they were shifters but either way she had a certain badass air to her. She was so amazing. But why was he thinking aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Sweet Home Alabama 914 Words   |  4 PagesAntebellum Era. The 2002 movie â€Å"Sweet Home Alabama† poetries Southerners that are trying to preserve the way of life that existed before the Civil War. The main plot of the movie is that Melanie Carmichael, played by Reese Witherspoon, becomes engaged to the son of the mayor of New York City, but before they can get married she has to go to Alabama to finalize her divorce. During one part of the movie she reveals that her friend Bobby Ray is gay. A little further into the movie she goes to Bobby Ray’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Please Get Home Safe 1257 Words   |  6 Pages Please Get Home Safe Lauryn is fair skinned, she has hazel eyes, and amazing personality. She is the second youngest of five children and she has police officers as parents. Lauryn will graduate high school this year and she plans to attend University of Virginia to study law. She just received her driver’s license and she is excited of becoming a motorist. Lauryn plans to send the news to all her friends via text message. Also, Lauryn made the fast decision to drive her used car that her parentsRead MoreMovie Analysis : Fun Home And The Short Film Pariah1348 Words   |  6 PagesThe graphic memoir Fun Home and the short film Pariah both contribute to a conversation on intersectional politics regarding respectability and normativity. The Bechdel family in Fun Home maintain a perfectly respectable familial faà §ade to the external world even as the complications of Bruce Bechdel’s sexual appetites and inclinations threaten to tear the family apart internally. Likewise, Alike’s gen der identity and sexuality creates a conflict in her family as they try to uphold middle-classRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Father Comes Home From The Wars And Royale Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pages Father Comes Home from the Wars and the Royale are two productions that had a common theme which was freedom. Throughout both of the productions, they were numerous of racism moments that led the characters to find a ticket to freedom. Freedom was the main theme in the production because the main characters had a difficult time stepping out of their comfort zones due to the lack of confidence they had and both of the theaters had the proper lights and props to represent the characters. FatherRead MoreMovie Analysis : Home, A Animated Spin On Alien Attack Thrillers Directed By Tim Johnson879 Words   |  4 PagesA quick way to feel at Home The film, called Home, a comical animated spin on alien attack thrillers directed by Tim Johnson tells a story about Aliens who call themselves the Boov. The Boov conquer the earth and relocate the planet s human population, all except for a little girl named Tip. Tip is a normal teenager with messy hair, a complete tomboy, and extremely sassy which makes her different from the rest of her population. She isn t interested in being someone she s not and isn’t an overlyRead MoreCase Study Movie Exhibition Industry Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Analysis of Movie Exhibition Industry By: Kim Saline February 24, 2010 Objective: To provide an analysis and make recommendations to increase revenue in the movie exhibition industry. Overview: Ticket sales for movie theaters are at their lowest point since 1996. With the core demographic group expected to grow slower than the US population and with technological advances growing at speeds faster than the industry can keep up, ticket sales will continue to decline if the current

Beastie Boys - Hello Nasty free essay sample

After four years of absence from the music world, the Beastie Boys explode onto the scene with their new release, Hello Nasty. This CD is filled with 22 addictive tracks that will get you singing a different one each day. Like the traditional Beastie Boys, they add several cameos by other artists (such as rapper Biz Markle) to the mix. They also include multiple samples, ranging from a clip from Spanish musician, Tito Puente, to the message left on the Beastie Boys answering machine by newcomer Mix Master Mike. And for all of the loyal Beastie Boys fans who may be frustrated by the delay between CDs, you will find that it was definitely worth it.The stimulating beat of Super Disco Breakin starts the album with a burst and the beats keep coming with the second and third tracks, The Move and Remote Control. The CD changes pace with the slow beat of Song For The Man, but gets right back to work with the strong beats and lyrics of Just A Test, Body Movin and fan-favorite Intergalactic (w hich features a robotic-like chorus). We will write a custom essay sample on Beastie Boys Hello Nasty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The album then slows back down with the first instrumental, Sneakin Out The Hospital and the rap-oriented track Putting Shame In Your Game. A brief output of energy is then injected with two songs: Three MCs And One DJ in which Beastie Boys rookie Mixmaster Mike and his thunderous turntable debuts and the powerful chorus of The Grasshopper Unit (Keep Movin). The album ends with three slow songs: Dedication, Dr. Lee PhD and Instant Death,So, in conclusion I would give Hello Nasty four and a half out of five stars, only because it ends softly. If you are interested in finding more information about this CD or the Beastie Boys, you can sign on to their website: www.grandroyal.com/beastieboys.

The Onion free essay sample

The Onion’s mock press release about the MagnaSoles shoe inserts satirizes how products are marketed to customers. The article is riddled through with malapropisms, and the whole article is a parody of an advertisement. Sarcastic irony is used when statements are made in the article that are obviously meant to show that the opposite is true, and hyperbole, or exaggeration, is used to show how advertisers will try to convince people that their product is useful for many more issues than it is. Malapropisms are the main use of satire in this article. Words like â€Å"kilofrankels†, â€Å"pain-nuclei†, and â€Å"comfortrons† are clearly not scientific terms, but the author uses them to point out that people usually believe what they’re told if big, technical-sounding words are used. Pseudoscience is a defined term, yet it is a belief that is presented as scientific, but has no scientific status. Therefore, when it’s used in the article to prove that something is valid, it’s really just exaggeration and negates whatever claims were made. We will write a custom essay sample on The Onion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The article advertises that MagnaSoles heals using Terranometry, but Terranometry is a type of pseudoscience, and has no basis in fact. Many other defined terms are used falsely. â€Å"Biofeedback† and â€Å"bio flow† are both words used in science, but in the article they are used incorrectly, just to make MagnaSoles sound legitimate. Sarcastic irony is implemented in testimonies from customers. The consumers â€Å"are hailing them as a welcome alternative to expensive, effective forms of traditional medicine.† The fact that consumers prefer MagnaSoles over â€Å"effective forms of traditional medicine† is ironic, because MagnaSoles don’t work. One customer said that after spraining her ankle and then wearing MagnaSoles for seven weeks, she was healed. That’s ironic because she would have healed in seven weeks anyway, no matter what she wore. She just happened to be wearing MagnaSoles for those seven weeks, and so she thought they had healed her. Another testimonial included a comment about paying for the shoe inserts because they were â€Å"clearly endorsed by an intelligent-looking man in a white lab coat.† This is ironic because people will believe someone is intelligent if they are dressed a certain way, but that doesn’t mean they’re actually smart. Hyperbole is implemented when the article advertises the shoe inserts as medicine that can cure many things besides foot pain. The article says that the inserts use reflexology to heal the entire body, though reflexology is pseudoscience. The advertisement says that MagnaSoles go further, utilizing â€Å"the healing power of crystals to re-stimulate dead foot cells with vibrational biofeedback†¦ a process similar to that by which medicine makes people better.† This is a very apparent hyperbole, because shoe inserts will obviously not heal the body, especially if their make-up is based entirely on pseudoscience. This mock press release is a clear parody of the way products are marketed to consumers. Irony, exaggeration, and scientific words are often used in real advertisements to convince people to buy products. The satirical strategies used in The Onion’s article are effective at exposing marketing strategies.

buy custom The A-F Letter Grading System essay

buy custom The A-F Letter Grading System essay Introduction The A-F Letter Grading System can be termed as the main reason that is behind the motivational force that students do require in order to add more effort hence succeed in their academic endeavors. Thesis In this regard, it is very vital that the A-F Letter Grading System be maintained in colleges and universities since as is argued in this paper, it is by far the most effective method of not only evaluating but also motivating students to perform better in different fields in the curriculum. Body paragraphs In some of the institutions where the A-F Letter Grading System is not used at all, the students are on the other hand awarded certificates at the end of their course. It becomes unfortunate that it is at the employment levels that the students come to realize that they have just been walking through the academic system. The employers realize that they are employing a workforce that is semi illiterate. It is a sad scenario that without the A-F Letter Grading System, students are just pushed through the system and they realize too late that they have been doing entirely nothing for themselves but just moving from one level to another without any significant difference. In such instances, the learners end up either dropping out of school when they realize that the damage is too much and they can no longer correct themselves or even just accommodate the education system so as to complete it without any significant achievement. The A-F Letter Grading System should therefore be used as it entirely indicates to the learner whether or not he or she has failed or passed a certain point in his studies. In his book, Sherry (553) offers an example of her son who was doing extremely poorly in his English studies. In spite of this, Sherry indcates that their son still got by although performing dismally. This was till Mrs. Stifter came by with the flunk concept. I flunk them. English became a priority in is life. He finished out the semester with an A (Sherry 553). Using the A-F Letter Grading System Mrs. Stifter would clarify to Sherrys son that if at all he failed or got the F-Grade, he would not proceed to the next level. The teacher cited that the fear of success would motivate the young boy to working harder in English and definitely performing better at the end of the day. True to her strategy, the young boy completed the semester with an A-Grade. This is a clear indication of the effectiveness that the A-F Letter Grading System has in realizing its goals. On the other hand, no matter what sort of environment that students come from, it is very difficult to say that a child would put education first before anything else. It is in regard to this fact that it is true to state that children are only motivated to learn once they have are aware that something is at stake once they do learn or they do not learn. Once students are made aware of the fact that they would fail and end up unemployed, dependent on drugs or even end up in abusive relationships they would be motivated to learn. It is impossible to say that such sense would be created in students unless the A-F Letter Grading System is continually used in colleges and universities. As Sherry (554) indicates, People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. In this regard, if at all colleges and universities would in any way eliminate the A-F Letter Grading System then students would not be looking forward to anything if at all they worked har d in academics. The A-F Letter Grading System should therefore be maintained so as to offerr the students the satisfaction and motivation that by reading harder, they would get the A-Grade and recognized as excellent students. Finally, it is also appreciative to recognize the fact that the A-F Letter Grading System could be a cause of failure in schools. As Rose (188) indicates, grades form part of extrinsic forms of motivation to students. In this regard, it can be effectively argued that since extrinsic sources of motivation are responsible for the reduction of the intrinsic motivation in students to learn, grades could be doing more harm than good. The case of Rose herself is a perfect example of this. She cites that I suppose Id be mediocre for too long. (Rose 188). She indicates that she is very much appreciative of the fact that Jack McFarland was the teacher that eliminated all the extrinsic sources of motivation that had been attached to her education. Form that point, she says that she loved reading since she was made to feel special from her brain by Jack. This was despite the fact that she was not one of the favorite students that Jack taught. In the long run, her story ends up a success simply because the A-F Letter Grading System was eliminated and she developed her own reasons as to why she wanted to excel. This came from within and even lasted for a lifetime. Conclusion: Having the A-F Letter Grading System in our colleges and universities can be said to be a huge investment in the education sector. As is expressed in the paper, the A-F Letter Grading System goes a long way in helping both students and instructors to have a clear picture of where they are coming from and where they are going. It therefore clarifies the current successes and failures hence preparing adequately the student and the instructor for a future that is relatively known. Buy custom The A-F Letter Grading System essay

8 Authors Who Wrote Under A Pseudonym Infographics

8 Authors Who Wrote Under A Pseudonym Infographics 8 Authors Who Wrote Under A Pseudonym We All Know their Names! You are for sure at least heard of the names back when studying at school or  college. You could not have missed the names of these authors and definitely mentioned them when your were pondering on  how should I  write my essay  for English or literature classes. The names of the authors gain even more  popularity when their books are turned into motion picture. We are sure you will be surprised to find out the true names of the authors you know very well!

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article review - Essay Example Apparently, however, words are what have constantly maintained the remarkable philosophies of conservatives and liberals alike, not their translation into real action. On restating the position of Prof. Tony Judt, T. Sowell observes that agreement with ‘leaving individuals the maximum space with which to live and flourish as desired’ is in keeping with the common idealistic knowledge about liberalism. Originally, the latter pertains to the principle of signifying the right to freedom and equality and most liberals advocate views that are key concepts to facilitate understanding of liberal democracy, constitutionalism, human rights, and fair elections among the relevant fundamental ideas, Justice O.W. Holmes, nonetheless, occurs to have vividly expressed contradiction according to the prevailing truth that natural perception or instinct cannot deny as it takes place. For him, things must be thought of, not words, as if to imply that liberals ought to cease dwelling in the tradition of intellectual endeavor which rather maintains beliefs within abstract realms yet lacks the capacity to exhibit such complex thinking through an actualized form.

Sergei eisenstein and his influential on society Essay

Sergei eisenstein and his influential on society - Essay Example There are various influences of Sergei Eisenstein in the works of film and movie theory. Additionally, there are fundamental influences of his films that have inspired the European history and culture in different contexts. For instance, a majority of his films inspired the Russian Revolution through the definitions of imagery to free the lower class. This means he was at the forefront in using most of his silent films in presenting the plight of the ordinary Russian citizen taunted by the terror apparatus of the state. In the same perspective, Sergei Eisenstein was also a prolific author of reverence who related the stories of former USSR with those of Dickens, Goethe, Shakespeare and Da Vinci among others to address pertinent matters of society (Cunningham & Reich, 556). Alternatively, through consistent research in other eclectic interests, he was determined to articulate European culture and history through the comprehension of cinema theory. In that quest, he got obsessed with t he success of the Russian Revolution through varied consultations with various scholars that included Marx in understanding the significance of cinema in society. Furthermore, in his essay called the Film Sense, he attempted to clarify that film was part of both the truth and the result of the endeavors of humanity. On the same note, his extensive use of the montage in film theory ensured that he influenced a variety of filmmakers in shaping the industry. In that view, Eisenstein concurred that the essence of editing in film superseded the aspects of a scene or moment. Additionally, he also impacted upon the European history and culture by encouraging the fusion of emotion into the collision of shots to strike feelings among the audience. This would also help in the striking of meaning of the film metaphors in order to spur the peoples’ conscience. Moreover, the former architect also integrated the methods of montage in terms of juxtapositions to achieve meaning and significa nce (Cunningham & Reich, 552). Therefore, in his teachings, Eisenstein stressed on four factors of lasting and efficient film making that included over tonal, intellectual, tonal, rhythmic and metric. It is also critical to note that Eisenstein infused various themes and works of literature of authors such as Le Pere Goriot and Honere de Balzac in order to achieve the meaning of art. This strengthened various aspects of European culture especially in the encouragement of the struggle. Alternatively, the integration of the Haitian struggle into the film curricula ensured that the struggles of the world were understood by the European society in depth. Sergei Eisenstein also impacted upon the European history culture by making comparisons with the character of Jean-Jacques Dessalines through movements, actions, and drama among others. In the context, the elements of literary didactics ensured that the dramatic content presented to the audience had significance in reforming their perce ptions. Similarly, through his opportunities of lecturing, Sergei Eisenstein inculcated the technicalities odd editing, photography and directing on his students. This was backed by the encouragement from his students to attain the elements of expressiveness, creativity and individuality in making film presentations (Cunningham & Reich, 551). Furthermore, this meant that there were political and social awareness

Dual Identities Essay Example for Free

Dual Identities Essay What is identity? We know from intuitive self-awareness that personal identity exists. It seems to be a fact of conscious life, as common as the word I. But the real question is how to define it? I have come to realize that there is no set definition on what makes an identity, so if my understanding is correct anything and everything can make an identity. There is no wrong answer. It varies from person to person. For example Andre Dubus, the author of Witnessmakes his identity clear through stories in which he shows his disability. In his case having a disability is part of his identity I cannot stand or walk . . . I cannot live as normals do. As for myself, I can relate, although not to the extent as Dubus, I can understand the anger that goes along with a disability. My disability is anemia, and while most people that suffer from anemia do not see anything other than minor side effects, I do. I am severely anemic, and so it affects my everyday life. I have trouble getting up in the morning because I am too tired, even after a good night sleep. I have to take iron pills and I eat red meat almost every day. Furthermore, I have seen more doctors than I wish to remember and they all tell me the same thing youll grow out of it. Really, thanks Doctor, youve been so helpful, I reply sarcastically. Few people know about my sickness, which I plan to keep that way. For some reason I feel that if many people knew about it they would feel bad for me, and could possibly think I was weak, which is the last thing that I want. Part of my identity is being strong and un-afraid, which is a difficult thing to pull off for a girl. Dave Barry the author of Guys vs. Men thinks that a lot of men give guys a bad name. Just like Barry I think that a lot of girls give females a bad name. Let me explain. I think that a lot of girls are overly dramatic, way too emotional, and acted dumber than they really are, for reasons that are very unclear to me. I know that I am feeding into the stereotype, but some girls fit the stereotype too well to not comment on. I refuse to take guff from anyone, unless I deserve it, and I speak what is on my mind. I have heard that I can be very threatening, but I do not believe that I should refrain from speaking my mind when I see it necessary.  In Keith Bradshers essay Reptile Dreams Clotaire Rapaille describes teens very well by commenting that They want to give the message, I want to be able to fight back, dont mess with me.' Clotaire seems to sum up the thoughts of the American youth very well, or at least me. I think that I acquired that aspect of my identity from when I lived in Los Angeles. Zora Neal Hurston explains it well I left Eatonville, as ZoraWhen I disembarked on the river boatShe was no more, in her essay How if feels to be Colored Me.She expressed exactly how I felt when I moved to Sacramento. I felt like I wasnt myself anymore. When I lived in Los Angeles I developed an eclectic personality; because I was friends with so many different types of people I took on other aspects of my personality. Unfortunately because I lived in LA I always had to have my guard up, im not sure how to explain it correctly other than, if you lived there you would understand. For the most part everyone had to fend for themselves, and if you werent able to do that than you were a follower of someone who did. I later came to realize that ones sense of self, or ones identity is developed through, among other things, external influences including friends, family, and situations. Now looking back I can see where I have gotten my attitude. Im smart mouthed, sarcastic, and blunt. Through those traits I have also acquired nicknames. A recent nickname as of this summer was, Ms. Attitude. This summer I went wake-boarding with some family friends, their friends, and my best friend. So basically it was my friend and I, and 7 guys. What I came to realize though this summer, is that most guys arent used to girls that talk back. Because I am very sarcastic the guys were very surprised, which is why I developed the nickname. They thought it was hilarious, and I was recently told by one of them that they miss my attitude, so I guess I left an impression. What is shocking to me though, is that I usually get that reaction from most guys, which leads me to believe that they have never met any girls from LA. I moved last summer before senior year to Granite Bay, and attended Granite Bay High School my senior year. I moved from my moms house to my dads house,  willingly, to avoid a lot of un-necessary drama. The move was quite unexpected for everyone but myself. I left because I came to realize that my friends were no longer my friends. Many of my friends had begun to do some very hard drugs, and so I no longer wanted to be around them. I knew it was a bad environment, so I left. I have always been very independent and have never relied on anyone else to make decisions for me. I only did what I thought was right, yet after sharing my story with a few new friends in Nor*Cal I witnessed a lot of jaw-dropping, everyone thought that it was such a big deal. My identity quickly developed, I was the girl from L.A. I valued that identity, I almost felt like superman, I was Clark Kent when I was home in LA, and Superman when I was in Sacramento. I say Superman because a lot of people kind of looked at me like that, like I was invincible. I was like nothing any of them were used to. Other than being influenced from where one lives or lived, I believe that family can have a huge impact on ones identity. For instance, because I was raised by my mom, I turned out differently than if I was raised by my dad. If I was raised by my dad I think I would have turned out much more emotionally detached, and much more independent. I say this because my dads a guy, he doesnt seem to care about anything other than himself and definitely shows no sign of emotion or feeling, that means no hugs. If I was raised by him Im sure I would have had a job at thirteen and would probably be living on my own now. But because I was raised by my mom I grew being very spoiled, because my mom believes that school is more important than work so I was never allowed to get a job. Unfortunately I grew up having everything handed to me. Which is good because I got everything that I wanted very easily, but bad because I got used to having everything handed to me. In addition, because I grew up living with my mom I became more compassionate and caring because thats what I was taught. I consider the way I was raised part of my identity, I grew up with very strong ties to my family and thats part of who I am. In conclusion, I believe that there is no one way to decipher where an identity can come from. So once again what is identity? humans are the only animal that can be aware of oneself, and so we are also the only animal to  contemplate who we are, and why we are that way. Through this constant mission of self discovery everyone seems to have an ever-changing view on their personal identity. It is a fact of conscious life, as common as the word I, to want to know who we are. I have come to realize that there is no set definition on what makes an identity, so if my understanding is correct anything and everything can make an identity. There is no wrong answer. It seems to vary from person to person and if any given event, person, action, etc, has effected someone greatly enough it can become part of their identity, even unknowingly. For me writing this paper was a mission of self discovery, I have never really considered who I am other than the obvious. I now know who I am and why I am the way I am. To me that was the hardest thing to answer. Why?

The True Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Antigone: The True Tragic Hero Antigone, is the drama written by Sohpocles. There is still a great debate on who is the true tragic hero in Sophocles' Antigone, Creon or Antigone. Many people believes that it must be Antigone, herself. This is because Antigone is an outstanding example of someone who did what she thought was right, while she was among fools, many hardships, and people who were discouragingly uncourageous. When the king Creon ordered that the body of Polyneices, Antigone's brother, be left to rot unburied because he had died as a traitor, she tried to buried him even she knew that she would be punished. She believed that a dead person's soul could not rest if that person's body was not buried so she chooses to challenge a powerful Creon, the king of Thebes in order to let her brother rest peacefully. This presents a huge problem for Antigone; she feels she must obey the laws of the gods and bury her brother, but the penalty would be earthly death. To me, Antigone is a hero, what she did for her bro ther was very respectful, not many could have the strength to do so in the same situation. However, I believe the true tragic hero in Sophocles' Antigone is Creon, not Antigone. Creon, as king of Thebes, is at the top of the social ladder. Yet, not only is he king, he is also human and possesses frailties, which qualify him to make serious mistakes, and he possesses talents, which allow him also to excel. Hence, Creon is neither overly good nor bad. Appropriately, Creon's station as king place shim in a position of great power, influence and responsibility. The extent of this power was quite evident when he sentenced Antigone to death for disobeying his proclamation. Creon's tragic flaw was his hubris or his pride and arrogance in the face of divine powers. His downfall began when he denied the basic divine right of burial to Polyneices and was cemented when he condemned Antigone for her opposition to his law. When one closely examines Antigone's reasons for burying her brother, it becomes clear that she was simply demonstrating her love, honor, and loyalty to her family. However, the reason that Creon is angered is that he feels injured and insulted that Antigone flagrantly and publicly disobeyed him.

Rhetorical analysis essay examples Essay

In the essay, â€Å"Education†, Ralph Waldo Emerson, a transcendentalist thinker, asserts that Education is damaged and he knows of a solution – the educators. He develops this claim by first introducing the paradox linking â€Å"Genius and Drill†, expressing his ideal method of teaching. Throughout the essay, Emerson tends to have a condemning tone against the educator but towards the end he changes it into a comforting one. Emerson’s purpose is to present an alternative style of teaching in order to persuade educators to use the teaching method by using paradoxes, rhetorical questions, and shifts in tone. He establishes an informative and didactic tone for educators who value attention to detail. Emerson begins his essay by explaining why educators must respect the child in order to create an ideal educational system. He states a paradox between genius and drill in which he backs up by giving insight to the educators about the natural abilities of the scholar. He does this in order to resemble how complex and developed these young students minds are and that they need room to develop their minds on their own. To address drill, Emerson uses short, straightforward sentences like, â€Å"Give a boy accurate perceptions. Make him call things by their right names. Pardon him in no blunder† to dictate the reader in what they have to drill into the children’s minds (Emerson 103). The use of short sentences also serves to relate to the ethos of the reader by making the sentences â€Å"larger† than what they mean, earning Emerson his credibility and persuading the educators. He then uses longer sentences to describe how genius should be implemented. The manipulation of sentence length assists in describing his method of educating the youth by providing declarative or descriptive sentences. Emerson illustrates his theory through an anecdote about how the natural way of learning is possible and actually more efficient than its traditional counterpart. He does this by giving examples of how Charles Fellows completed his ambitions without the traditional education system. This paradigm provides a real life example providing ethos for his audience by giving a real example of his theory being implemented. Rhetorical questions induce an emotional appeal from educators. Emerson’s use of rhetorical questions attacks the educator in such a way that they question their original methods. After describing the current systems militaristic ways, he asks the educators â€Å"What reformer will it nurse? What poet will it  breed to sing to the human race?†(105). He condemns the current system and asks how it could possibly benefit students. Furthermore Emerson provides an analogy comparing the patience needed to teach a student and the â€Å"dint of obstinate sitting still† to arouse animals. He then goes on to ask the educators, â€Å"Can you not wait for him, as Nature and Providence do† to taunt the educators of their definitive ways of teaching(107). All of these methods gear the audience toward a path of naturalistic standards. The shift in tone throughout the essay describes Emerson’s main argument. He transitions from asserting the defects in the system to bringing the educators together to repair the problem. In the beginning Emerson instructs the educator by using commanding verbs. For instance when he says to†Give a boy accurate perceptions. Teach him the difference between the similar and the same. Make him call things by their right names† (103). The continual use of verbs to start sentences sets a didactic tone that undermines the educator. Emerson accentuates an educator’s capacity to inspire students to thrive in a natural learning environment. Through strong commanding sentences, rhetorical question, and empowering tone Emerson strives to persuades the educator in reforming the education system.

Ratio Analysis of Hcl Tech Essay

It provides software-led IT solutions, remote infrastructure management and BPO services, focused mainly on transformational outsourcing. The company leverages its extensive offshore infrastructure and global network of offices in 31 countries to deliver solutions across selected verticals including financial services, retail and consumer, life sciences, aerospace, automotive, semiconductors, telecom, media publishing and entertainment. HCL takes pride in its philosophy of â€Å"Employees First, Customers Second† which empowers their 84,403 employees to create a real value for the customers. HCL Technologies, along with its subsidiaries, had consolidated revenues of US$ 4. 5 billion, as on 31st March 2013. HCL Leadership team 2. Objectives of Study Development of industries depends on several factors such as financial, personnel, technology, quality of product and marketing. Financial aspects assume a significant role in determining the growth of industries. All the company’s operations virtually affect its need for cash. Most of these data covering operations area are however outside the direct responsibility of the financial executives. The firm whose present operations are inherently difficult should try to makes its financial analysis to enable its management to stay on top of its working position. In this context I am undertaking financial ratio analysis of HCL Technologies to examine and understand financial performance of the company. Using ratio analysis this project will provide the insights of – * The growth and development of HCL Technologies for last 5 years (FY 08-12) * The behavior of liquidity and profitability of HCL Technologies * The factors determining the liquidity and profitability of HCL Technologies Scope The scope of the study is limited to financial data published in the annual reports of the company every year. The analysis is done to suggest possible solutions for financial growth of the organization. This study is carried out for 5 years (2008-2012). Also data provided by external agencies are used for analysis of future predication. 3. Concept of Financial Statement & Ratio Analysis 2 3. 2 Financial Statement To understand the information contained in financial statements with a view to know the strength or weaknesses of the organization, to make forecast about future prospects and thereby enabling the management and external parties to take different decisions regarding the operations. Fundamental analysis has a very broad scope. One aspect looks at the general (qualitative) factors of the company. The other side considers tangible and measurable factors (quantitative). This means crunching and analyzing numbers from the financial statements if used in conjunction with other methods, quantitative analysis can produce excellent results. Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is the method or process by which relationship/group of items in the financial statement are computed, determined and presented. Ratio analysis is an attempt to derive quantitative measure or guides concerning the financial health and profitability of business enterprises. Ratio analysis can be used both in trend and static analysis. Purpose of several ratios depends on the objective of analysis. A financial ratio measures a company’s performance in a specific area. For example, you could use a ratio of a company’s debt to its equity to measure a company’s gearing. By comparing the gearing ratios of two companies, you can determine which company uses greater debt per equity. You can use this information to make a judgment as to which company is better investment risk. However, you must be careful not to place too much importance on one ratio. You obtain better indication of the direction in which a company is moving when several ratios are taken as a group. Ratios are worked out to analyze the following aspects of an enterprise: a. Solvency: i. Long term ii. Short term iii. Immediate b. Profitability c. Operational Efficiency d. Credit standing e. Effective utilization of resources f. Investment Analysis 3. 4 Significance of Ratio Analysis in Financial Statement Ratio analysis is very important in revealing the financial position and soundness of the business so used by various parties * Management: The group that has the most interest in financial statement analysis is management. Management needs to discover quickly any area of mismanagement so that corrective action can be quickly taken. It mainly helps in: * Decision making: Ratio analysis helps in making decision from the information provided in these financial Statements. Financial forecasting and planning: Planning is looking ahead and the ratios calculated for a number of years a work as a guide for the future. * Communicating: The financial strength and weakness of a firm are communicated in a more easy and understandable manner using ratios. * Co-ordination: Better communication of efficiency and weakness of an enterprise result in better co-ordination in the enterprise * Control: The weaknesses are otherwise, if any, come to the knowledge of the managerial, which helps, in effective control of the business. * Investors or Shareholders Investors are interested in financial statements to evaluate current earnings and to predict future earnings. Financial statements influence greatly the price at which stock is bought and sold. * Lenders: Bankers before granting loans usually require that financial statements be submitted. Whether or not a loan is made depends heavily on a company’s financial condition and its prospects for the future. * Employees: Employees are mainly concerned about the profitability. Their salaries and increments are dependent on the profit made by the company. * Government:

Effect of Ethnocentrism on an Individual and Society

Effect of Ethnocentrism on an Individual and Society Defined as a universal syndrome of attitude and behaviour that entails the tendency to view the world from the perspective of one’s culture (Brown, 2003), ethnocentrism has profound impact on individuals, society and multinational corporations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Ethnocentrism on an Individual and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because an entrenched belief in one’s cultural superiority over the others determines the forms of relationship an individual extends towards people of different cultures. However, research abides in the fact that everyone is ethnocentric and it is almost impossible to avoid being ethnocentric. After watching Dream keepers: A Spirit Journey into Aboriginal Australia by Harvey Arden, what rings into the mind is the effect of ethnocentrism on an individual and society. Total neglect and marginalization encompass the daily lives of the aborig ines because of the ethnocentric belief that their culture are not only inferior, but they are not fit enough to join the Australian mainstream society. The effect of ethnocentrism on an individual is precipitated by false assumptions about cultural differences. It reinforces wrong assumptions and premature judgements on people of different cultures and therefore gives a vague feeling of superiority. Through such a wrong evaluation, an individual misses important aspects of life because ethnocentrism tends to evaluate others by what we are best at. According to Sanders (2002), â€Å"membership in an ethnic group is typically evaluated in terms of one or more observable characteristics (such as language, accent, physical features, or religion) that are regarded as indicating common descent.† Furthermore, it affects interpersonal relationship an individual develops with a person of a different culture. At the society levels, ethnocentrism deters the interaction among people of different cultures, ethnic groups, gender and age. Chirot and Seligman (2001) indicate that ethnocentrism has impacted largely on ethnic conflicts, wars and patterns of voting. It is pointed out as a major impediment to societal cohesion and peaceful co-existence among people of different cultures. According to Rogers and Laitin (1998), â€Å"ethnocentrism can be in-group favouritism or out-group hostility.† This is a pointer to the fact that societal problems such as ethnic cleansing, colonialism and racism are products of ethnocentrism of out-group hostility. Multiple forms of discrimination against members of different societies have denied people their human rights and fundamental freedoms. Furthermore, governmental neglect and group marginalization are directly linked to ethnocentrism.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In multinational corporations, ethnocent rism presents the biggest challenge in diversity management and is a determinant to consumer choice. In the understanding that appreciating diversity in organizations demand that each individual form a bigger part of the business entity and must work together knowing that their objectives and goals are far greater than their differences, ethnocentrism deters collective appreciation and the sharing of common purpose. Despite being a major component of an organization’s life and forms the very foundation of organization’s stability, diversity management remains a challenge to multinational firms because of the premature judgment of an individual’s or group’s superiority. Furthermore, it negatively effects communication, which is as a key success factor in organizational climate and it has been directly linked to job satisfaction, performance, and overall organizational effectiveness. Consumers have become complex the choices of their products. Driven by cul tural beliefs and ethnocentrism, consumers would easily shun a product because of perceived cultural inferiority of country of origin. A car manufactured in China would definitely not expect good reviews in the United States. In summary, it can be discerned from the above discussions that knowingly or unknowingly, ethnocentrism plays a critical role in the relationship we develop and the choices we make. References Brown, D.E. (2003). Ethnicity and ethnocentrism; Are they natural? In Race and ethnicity: An anthropological focus on the United States and the world (ed.) R. Scupin. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Chirot, D. and Seligman, M.E.P. (2001). Ethno political Warfare: Causes, Consequences, and Possible Solutions. Washington DC: American psychological Association Rogers, R. and Laitin, D.D. (1998). Ethnic and National Violence. Annual Review of Sociology. 24:423-452. Sanders, J. M. (2002). Ethnic Boundaries and Identity in Plural Societies. Annual Review of Sociol ogy. 28:327-57.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Ethnocentrism on an Individual and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

The Feminist Pro-Woman Line

The Feminist Pro-Woman Line The Pro-Woman Line refers to the idea introduced by 1960s radical feminists that women should not be blamed for their own oppression. The Pro-Woman Line evolved out of consciousness-raising and became a significant part of the Womens Liberation movement. The Pro-Woman Argument The Pro-Woman Line sought to explain contradictory behavior. For example, feminists applied it to makeup and other beauty standards. The anti-woman argument was that women participate in their own oppression by wearing makeup, uncomfortable clothes, girdles, or high-heeled shoes. The Pro-Woman Line said that women are not at fault; they just do what they need to do in a world that creates impossible beauty standards. If women are treated better when they wear makeup, and are told they look sick when not wearing makeup, a woman who wears makeup to work does not create her own oppression. She is doing what society requires of her to succeed. During the 1968 Miss America Protest instigated by New York Radical Women, some protesters criticized the female contestants for participating in the pageant. According to the Pro-Woman Line, the contestants should not be criticized, but the society that put them in that situation should be criticized. However, the Pro-Woman Line also argues that women do resist negative portrayals and oppressive standards. In fact, the Womens Liberation Movement was a way to unite women in a struggle they were already fighting individually. The Pro-Woman Line in Feminist Theory Some radical feminist groups had disagreements about feminist theory. Redstockings, formed in 1969 by Shulamith Firestone and Ellen Willis, took the Pro-Woman stance that women must not be blamed for their oppression. Redstockings members asserted that women did not need to change themselves, but to change men. Other feminist groups criticized the Pro-Woman Line for being too simplistic and not leading to change. If womens behaviors were accepted as a necessary response to oppressive society, how would women ever change those behaviors? The Pro-Woman Line theory criticizes the prevailing myth that women are somehow lesser people than men, or that women are weaker and more emotional. Feminist critical thinker Carol Hanisch wrote that women are messed over, not messed up. Women have to make less-than-ideal choices to survive in an oppressive society. According to the Pro-Woman Line, it is not acceptable to criticize women for their survival strategies.

Midterm report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Midterm report - Essay Example The most important in the book is the topics it addresses; it is anthology of life in the USA because it traces local understanding of basic human values and needs people face in their lives. Each story in the book is an independent essay with developed story line and its characters. Out of all the stories, Im Jumping  Off  the Bridge by Kevin Sampsell is very special. Narrated in the first person, it tells a story of a man who convinces other man not to commit suicide. The savior, however, is trapped by suicidal thoughts and he has to survive a night fighting with his inner controversies to make the decision to live or not to live.   The other story, Confessions of an Ex-Mormon by Walter Kirn addresses the issue of religion and belief. It follows the narrator on his way from and back to Mormonism, showing how difficult it can be to find belief inside one’s heart. In His Last Game, Brian Doyle manages to render invisible connection between two brothers who are already grown up, but they keep their inner children alive thanks to each other.   Other stories, also written in the first person, deal with economics, politics, relationships, inner struggles, desi re to live, state of mind and many other vital things people can find interesting in literature. This collection of essays reflects current values of people in America. If one wants to have a glimpse in American culture and identity, these stories in their concentration comprehensively represent this hidden knowledge. They are not too philosophical or sophisticated; most of them are written in terms of ordinary daily life with the same ordinary problems. These stories do not offer solutions to global issues of greater gaps between the rich and poor or cure for lethal diseases. They offer a fresh look, a new point of view and ideas to think about in the future. They teach people to appreciate what they have here and now and love their closest people. They show that

Taiwan-China Conflict and Resolution Research Paper

Taiwan-China Conflict and Resolution - Research Paper Example China was fragment after the fall of Qing dynasty and civil war followed (Myers 1) in 1915. In this condition, the political party that gave birth to Taiwan, the  Guomindang  or GMD was formed and so was the ruling party in China, the Chinese Communist Party  (CCP). These two political parties however begun as allies in Southeast China in their effort to crush the warlords in 1923 that caused the civil war in China. The alliance however was short lived because it collapsed within four years and the two political parties became bitter enemies that precipitated another civil war. GMD’s generals pledge loyalty to its new leader Chiang  Kai ­shek and formed a new Republic of China in Nanjing and later formed a new ROC government in Nanjing in 1927 (Myers 1). Chiang  Kai ­shek had the upper hand over the CCP in 1937 as Chiang  Kai ­shek army drove the Communists into the Northwest region of China. Japan however attacked China in July 1937 to make Chiang  Kai ­ shek ROC a client state of Japan. The attack was thwarted because Taiwan and China again forged an alliance to defeat Japan. This alliance lasted for eight years until Japan was defeated in August 15, 1945. During this time, Chiang  Kai ­shek also allied with the United States which lasted until 1949. China on the other is building up its forces beginning in the Autumn of 1945 when it begun amassing weapons from the Russians in Manchuria. It also initiated land reform in the countryside as a precursor to Maoist strategy of encircling cities by cutting them off from the countryside. The strategy coupled with superior weapons proved to be effective in defeating Chiang  Kai ­shek’s forces and advanced further towards Northern China until finally, CPP soldiers captured Beijing on January 31, 1949. Months later, Mao declared the founding of the new  Chinese  state in October 1, 1949 which is the  People's Republic  of  China (13). Chiang Kai-shek on the other han d retreated to Formosa which is now Taiwan to seek refuge from Mao’s advancing armies (Ford 36) which it still continue to occupy until this day. II. Description of the various conflict management techniques used, the third parties that were active in attempts to resolve the conflict, and the outcomes of these conflict management efforts. Efforts however were made to reconcile Taiwan and China after Mao’s declaration of People's Republic  of  China or PROC as we know it today. On April 27, 1993, China and Taiwan begun negotiating the various Interpretations of Taiwan’s relationship  to  China,  or  the  "one ­China" principle† (Myers 1). The negotiation however was conducted and represented by third party private agencies. Taiwan was represented by Straits Exchange Foundation or SEF while China was represented Association for Relations across the  Taiwan  Strait,  or  ARATS. The negotiation however was short lived and collapse when President Lee Teng ­hui visited the US for a public address at Cornell University (Myers 1). The technique used in the attempt to resolve the conflict was negotiation by third parties composed of private NGOs. The negotiation however did not prosper because no confidence building measure was initiated by both parties. The negotiation finally collapsed when Taiwan’s President Lee Teng ­hui antagonized the Chinese by a visit to the Communist ideological nemesis, the US.

Political Speech Text Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Speech Text Analysis - Essay Example In the speech, Obama begins by raising three important questions about the state of American democracy and the notion of the ‘American Dream’. Using an affirmative tone, the new president asked the audience – ‘If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible...’. As the first African-American ever to be elected to the highest seat of power, the president is himself a valuable answer to the question he raised. The second paragraph of the speech begins with a metaphor - ‘It is the answer told by lines that stretched around the schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen’, which represents the millions of people who lent their voice and support to his cause and campaign. Maintaining the same affirmative posture, Obama continues to pose another question – Who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time’. He uses the word ‘dream’ to associate his question with the famous 1963 speech of Martin Luther King Jr. – ‘I have a Dream’. The president responds to the question posed by enumerating the minorities in the USA. By this, Obama shows that the ‘Dream’ for which Martin Luther sacrificed his life and fought so hard through non-violence had indeed been realized. He completes this justification by saying – ‘we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red state and blue states: we are, and always will be, the United States of America’. The red and blue states used in this context represents the political parties that are usually favoured by people in the states namely the Republicans (red) and Democrats (Blue). At the end of this phrase, he calls for all citizens towards consolidation irrespective of the party they favour as they belong to the same nation. The introduction of the speech concludes with another question – ‘Who still questions the power of our

Impact of the labelling perspective on criminological theory

Impact of the labelling perspective on criminological theory Q3: By drawing upon the insights of Symbolic Interactionism, the labelling perspective highlights the importance of how people respond to events and the manner in which responses shape self-perceptions. Discuss, with particular reference to the impact of the labelling perspective on criminological theory. Labelling perspective has negative and positive impact on society and individual. Labelling perspective and symbolic interactionism are inter-depended theories. They represent a few theories where it is often categorized as social reaction theory where it focuses on societys reaction towards the deviant and not the person of deviant. Its the sociology of deviancy. However, the labelling theorists state that their theory never cause criminality directly but they elaborate the situation around the criminals and the possibilities of their criminal occurrence. It is called sociology of deviancy. Labelling came up to UK only in 1960s from Europe from the influence of Elvis Presley and rock n roll culture. Here Frederick Thrasher has quoted in his juveline gangs that official labeling gives a negative impact on youths. Later on the issue of the labeled person will be and behave according to the description was brought about by Frank Tannenbaum (1938). Interactionist theory is of that a persons life is influenced by those being interacted even though the culture, family background and genetics has influence on ones life. So the interactions could influence ones lifestyle through symbolizing and labeling him. Labeling perspective focuses on society and individual. Lemert says that problem arises when individual is labeled and he identifies the label. Becker says that the society determine the rule for criminality and deviance. It is applied to those who disobey those rules and labeled as criminals. So those who are labeled are alienated from society. A few issues has to be look thoroughly as in how the person of labeled being analysed, the reaction to the label, whats the affect in the circle they live, whether the labeling has changed their self image. First of all, it has to be clearly seen, what are the behaviours that is catogarized as criminals. The usage of officials in power on labeling and whats the effect that it has on individual ? Labelling would give a person negative impact internally which affects his behaviour. Becker however disagreed that labelling perspective had caused deviance. It does not mean ones he steals, he would steal again. According to him, the internal changes to an offender are due to the people and to whom they interact to. However there was also idea brought about by Matsueda that a persons own view of himself is affected due to the way others treat and view them. This is shows it is an impact of labelling. Labelling perspective is divided into two; primary deviance and secondary deviance. First ones is of a person who had break the norm and rules yet is not bothered of the labelled that has been stamped on his by the officials or society. This is done through justification of the crime They are those who does not react to the societal reaction of labelling. Theorists also say that these people are falsely labelled. This obviously does not mean that the offender is innocent but he had disagreed to accepts the fact that the act is criminal and he is a criminal. Society disapproves his behaviour and categorize as less-worthy ones. Yet the offender does not bother of the label. However, the negative impact of the labelling is that it might turn the offender into the form that he had been labelled by the society. The latter ones, secondary deviance is of a behaviour that is due to social reaction and self image. Yet theorists say that labelling is the sole cause for all. Here the labelling is done by the prison, people of power such as police and similar institutions. The society determines the label on the individuals by looking at the people of powers reaction. The labelled ones are viewed differently in the society. The impact this; some will accept the label and some has no idea of what is his image and just accept the label. The image is brought about to one by the social interaction is negative impact. Theorist of opinion that labelling by officials does not give much impact to individuals but the stigmatisation from the society which he is belong to or respect. If the society knows about the label, it will affect the way people treat them. Usually criminal label is an overriding label. For example, the manager currently labelled as a thief. The labelled would think he is a thief more compared to he is a manager. So this does not only give a negative impact to the individual but the society. They would start to reject the presence of the labelled among them. The labelling negatively impacts his career as in his refusal to continue working due to the label. Society sees the labelled as less worthy than others of society. The labelling goes on negatively for the offender even in the society, friends, relatives and law abiding society. At last when everyone segregates them, they force themselves to be in the companion of other law breakers who accept them. Here even the innocent labelled person will learn new crimes and criminal values as part of association with them. The drug user who is eliminated from society now will indulge in other crimes as well. If they do once, they may repeat is the term police solely rely on, where it worsen the criminality when they charge the offenders when a crime similar to what occurred earlier in the particular area. The word may will lead those action and reactions unavoidable. Though some offenders will realize the mistakes done and get back to the normal life. It is still argued that the labelling internalised the individuals and criminality arises due to the social reaction to them. The worst impact created by labelling perspective is through prison. It is a dorm for the offenders to learn new crimes and increase the level of criminality as they are alienated from the society. These offenders just accept the label of criminal without hesitation while in prison as they believe they are unable to change the label. So this provokes them to commit more crime on their release. Clearly, that the labelling had give a negative impact as in increasing the crime rate. However the positive impact do arise as in some of offenders will not accept the label as their actions were not genuinely criminal and some would try to lead a normal life and not reoffend again. Whatever their reasons may be, but the society are not ready to accept them in the society due to the stigmatisation. The negative impacts of labelling continue as in the name of ex-prisoner. He faces the problem of getting a job, acceptance into society and police surveillance. Though he had moved out of the label of criminal, the society refuses to accept him in their community. Theorists had been arguing that the process of labelling would lead to criminality is the same as of social control to law abiding society. The labelling and control would lead to one to redefine himself and accept the labels. The impact of labelling is not only on individuals but groups. One group label the other as deviant will make the other ones alienated from the society. More crime is done by the group when the excluders block their social interactions. Current crime shows they have accepted the label and is not bothered of it. Controlling and labelling has created a malicious circle for the criminals. Young commented on a marijuana issue which involves Marijuana Tax Act 1937 where the labelling of media has worsened the criminality. They are negatively labelled where more control from police is provided. It made the offenders treated injustice and wanted to revenge back by acting against the intolerant society. This is criminality increases in society due to labelling. Labelling is not of is not a theory of causation but of interpreting what happens. It is not that the labelling create certain type of behaviours but rather they and their effects may lead any offenders to choose one of it as a path for criminality. Though these explanations is not strong enough to satisfy the accusation of labelling has a negative impact, in theory and practical it has always been viewed as a non causative theory. Next is an offender is classed negatively without thinking the act is actually could be treated as normal. This makes the offender suffer as a victim as his moral element of the act is eliminated. This is due to the labelling of the authority as only law is seen but moral values and the genuine factor in committing the act. The effect of labelling is at times unpredictable as in cases of arrest in domestic violence. (Sherman) where employed persons avoid the act further but those of unemployed found to act in more violent due to arrest which has made them being labelled. It does not withstand an empirical testing. It could convey social and sometimes of political message. The social reaction leads to the difficulty in testing the level of criminality. It is already a problem even before the label is official. Results are ambiguous in the attempts of testing. Labelling is actually a system of capitalism. It ignores the impact and political importance where it is against radical criminology. As this while the labelling perspective is seen in negative manner, so John Braithwaite has brought about the positive application using the theory above which is called reintegrative shaming. Positive impacts are to be created using this. The main idea of this is to make the labelled person realise of their mistake and effects that it has created. At the same time, it is for the society to forgive the offenders mistake and accept them back into the society. The idea is done in a process of two ways, firstly the offender need to be confronted in front victim. Secondly, the process is done in front of the offenders family or those considered important in his life as they are to make him to be accepted in the society. These ideas of Braithwaite claimed be able to give positive impacts as actually the real idea behind any reparation and caution plus is for the offenders to admit the guilt and ask for forgiveness from the victim. this is an excellent idea for the intention above as it has been vastly used in New Zealand Morris, Australia-Strang , Forsythe, and some parts of America-Alford. This had also been used widely in Britain with Crime and Disorder Act 1998 had been widely used as part of reparation Maxwell and Morris, Dignan, Young and Goold. Reintergrative shaming is actually an early cautioning for the offenders as of like in situations of warning, reprimand, take decision of bail decisions, before reports are prepared, part of sentencing, decision as to release and post-release intervention. this is actually a great way to reduce white collar crimes and corporate violations of law (Simpsons). With this some could escape from being convicted even at the early stage. Labelling does create a turning point for the offenders from committing further crimes and mistakes. Labelling theory has been a guideline for many to stay away from crimes and criminal actions. The process of avoiding the interactions with the labels would make the law-abiding society prevented from acting out the criminality. (Vold and Bernard). Especially for those who are young and new offenders. Police could handle the offenders off the criminal justice system as labelling is easily done through society. The official cautioning does not make out of official control but it gives him a second chance to come out of the stigmatisation. So community service and probation are introduced. This allows them to be away from incarceration and reduce the stigma and labelling. However, there had been complains that this are not effective as the rate of people being incarcerated have not reduced. So those who are being punished now are those who had been labelled earlier. It shows the labelling had not brought any good impact as said. Conclusion, it is not because of the way society views had increase the criminality and bad behaviour but the focus of media and officials which had turn into it. Though the action taken was not harsh but the reaction given to it had made the offenders internalise the labelled self image. Its concluded that the labelling perspective is to create awareness of the existence of this criminality and not for the benefit of individual. So in acting out the task, it does bring more negative impact rather than positive to the individual.

Analysis of Jonsons On My First Son Essay -- Jonson On My First Son

Analysis of Jonson's On My First Son    The poem entitled On My First Son   is a pouring out of a father's soul-a soul that pours out every last drop of pain, anguish, and love for his deceased son neatly into a beautiful poem.   Ben Jonson illustrates his love and loss with concreteness and passion.   Just as an artist creates a painting on paper with a pallet of colors and different types of brushes, Jonson uses thoughtful phrasing and strong diction to create a vivid word painting of his son.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The phrasing of this poem can be analyzed on many levels.   Holistically, the poem moves the father through three types of emotions.   More specifically, the first lines of the poem depict the father s deep sadness toward the death of his son.   The line   Farewell, thou child of my right hand, and joy   creates a mental picture in my mind (Line 1). I see the father standing over the coffin in his blackest of outfits with sunglasses shading his eyes from the sun because even the sun is too bright for his day of mourning.   The most beautiful scarlet rose from his garden is gripped tightly in his right hand as tears cascade down his face and strike the earth with a splash that echoes like a scream in a cave, piercing the ears of those gathered there to mourn the death of his son.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The second four lines also describe the father s emotions as they move from sadness to anger, and from anger he moves quickly into a realization that he had no control over the situation.   He is angry at the world, himself, and the situation that he is now in.   The line,   Exacted by thy fate, on the just day   seems to be his only form of solace in the midst of anger (Line 4).   He speaks of God and His plan and how it supercedes the plans o... ...ificed for all the sins of mankind. Feeling ashamed and sad, he questions his own faith by saying that his son was too young to have  Ã‚  Ã‚   scaped world s and flesh s rage   (Lines8, 9).   Finally, he uses a tender word like   peace   to signal that he has accepted his son s death, forgiven himself and God, and realizes that everything will be all right.      Ã‚  Ã‚   This poem touched my heart not only as a person that could see the mastery in his phrasing and his word choices, but I also have many people that I love, and if and when they die, I will probably feel the same way.   It is amazing how Jonson can tie all his feelings into such a short poem.   By doing so, I believe he was physically showing us that his son's death was an unlucky event.   The poem has thirteen lines, like the number of words in this sentence.   Was it lucky thirteen?   I think not-not for the father. Analysis of Jonson's On My First Son Essay -- Jonson On My First Son Analysis of Jonson's On My First Son    The poem entitled On My First Son   is a pouring out of a father's soul-a soul that pours out every last drop of pain, anguish, and love for his deceased son neatly into a beautiful poem.   Ben Jonson illustrates his love and loss with concreteness and passion.   Just as an artist creates a painting on paper with a pallet of colors and different types of brushes, Jonson uses thoughtful phrasing and strong diction to create a vivid word painting of his son.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The phrasing of this poem can be analyzed on many levels.   Holistically, the poem moves the father through three types of emotions.   More specifically, the first lines of the poem depict the father s deep sadness toward the death of his son.   The line   Farewell, thou child of my right hand, and joy   creates a mental picture in my mind (Line 1). I see the father standing over the coffin in his blackest of outfits with sunglasses shading his eyes from the sun because even the sun is too bright for his day of mourning.   The most beautiful scarlet rose from his garden is gripped tightly in his right hand as tears cascade down his face and strike the earth with a splash that echoes like a scream in a cave, piercing the ears of those gathered there to mourn the death of his son.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The second four lines also describe the father s emotions as they move from sadness to anger, and from anger he moves quickly into a realization that he had no control over the situation.   He is angry at the world, himself, and the situation that he is now in.   The line,   Exacted by thy fate, on the just day   seems to be his only form of solace in the midst of anger (Line 4).   He speaks of God and His plan and how it supercedes the plans o... ...ificed for all the sins of mankind. Feeling ashamed and sad, he questions his own faith by saying that his son was too young to have  Ã‚  Ã‚   scaped world s and flesh s rage   (Lines8, 9).   Finally, he uses a tender word like   peace   to signal that he has accepted his son s death, forgiven himself and God, and realizes that everything will be all right.      Ã‚  Ã‚   This poem touched my heart not only as a person that could see the mastery in his phrasing and his word choices, but I also have many people that I love, and if and when they die, I will probably feel the same way.   It is amazing how Jonson can tie all his feelings into such a short poem.   By doing so, I believe he was physically showing us that his son's death was an unlucky event.   The poem has thirteen lines, like the number of words in this sentence.   Was it lucky thirteen?   I think not-not for the father.

The History Of Educational Psychology Education Essay

Harmonizing to Wikipedia, larning manners is used to depict 1s natural or accustomed form of geting and treating information in larning state of affairss. Keefe ( 1979 ) defines larning manners as the â€Å" complex of characteristic affective, physiological and cognitive factors that serve as comparatively stable indexs that show how a scholar perceives, interacts with, and responds to the acquisition environment. † Learning manners can besides be described as a set of behaviours, attitudes and factors that facilitate larning for an person in certain state of affairs ( Web.cortland.edu, 1990 ) . Learning manners act upon how pupils learn and how instructors teach. Indirectly, it besides influences how the pupils and instructor interact.A A Each person is born with certain inclinations toward peculiar manners. However, larning manners will act upon by civilization, adulthood degree, development and personal experiences ( Web.cortland.edu, 1990 ) .A A It is of import to retrieve that larning manners do non state us about one ‘s abilities or intelligence but assist us to understand why some undertakings seem easier for others than us ( Fleming and Bonwell, 2006 ) . Besides, larning manners besides described as the best clip of twenty-four hours a scholar absorb the cognition. For illustration, some people unable to work in the early eventide and some people are merely non able to work good in the early forenoon. By and large, there are four classs of larning manners, there is audile, ocular, kinaesthetic and tactile. A pupil with an audile acquisition manner learns best when information and cognition are delivered in auditory formats. Examples of auditory formats are talks, unwritten reading, podcasts and treatments. Auditory scholars prefer to larn utilizing their ears. They prefer to follow verbal instructions instead than written 1s. These pupils besides do good with taped classs and group treatments ( www.learningrx.com/learning-styles.htm ) . Meanwhile, scholars with tend to work best in an environment where information is presented in ocular format such as books, articles, picture, image or diagrams. They enjoy reading books for cognition and can easy follow written waies. Since messages are taken in through the eyes, they can make good in power point presentations, films and category press releases ( www.learningrx.com/learning-styles.htm ) . A pupil with kinaesthetic larning manner prefers larning by making. Messages and information are taken in by the musculuss through organic structure motion. Kinesthetic scholars work good with their custodies. They write things down to clear up their ideas ( Learning Styles & A ; Strategies Manitoba Education & A ; Training, 1998 ) . Finally, a pupil with a haptic acquisition manner responds good to touching and making things in countries such as scientific discipline and art. They learn best when information is conveyed in hand-on manner. They prefer keeping and pull stringsing the capable affair instead than simply sing an image of it ( www.learningrx.com/learning-styles.htm ) . Learning is a womb-to-tomb procedure. Therefore, it is of import to place and understand the differences between the assorted acquisition manners. Although Stahl ( 1999 ) had critique about the acquisition manners, pedagogues are still obliging in measurement and instruction to pupils ‘ acquisition. Since 1970, infinite pupils have benefitted from larning about how they learn and the differences of larning manners among people ; many teachers have made effectual usage of larning manners in their instruction ( Oncourseworkshop.com, 1970 ) . It is non merely because tilting manners should be discovered and encouraged but there are several benefits of measurement and learning pupils to understand their acquisition penchants. By understanding the acquisition manners, instructors can teach harmonizing to the scholar ‘s manner. A instructor who instruct merely harmonizing to his ain manners will makes larning more hard for the pupils ( Learning Styles & A ; Strategies Manitoba Education & A ; Training, 1998 ) . Students learn most efficaciously when the schemes used are close with their preferable acquisition manners. Therefore, instructors should besides assist pupils to happen their ain acquisition manner. An consciousness of larning manners can assist to better the methods of instructors ‘ presentation ( www.learningrx.com ) . However, we should retrieve that one acquisition manner is non assumed to be better or first-class than the others but is instead preferred by the scholar ( Weimer, 2012 ) . Another possibility that the mere act of larning about larning manners is to promote instructors to pay more attending to the sorts of direction they are presenting ( Radzyner, 2009 ) . Teachers who understand the importance of larning manners might get down offer a broader mixture of talks, research lab work, treatments and others variety utile direction that might turn out to be better for all pupils other than routine one major learning method. Weimer ( 2012 ) said that pupils differ in their involvements, background cognition and abilities but non in their acquisition manners. But there is no grounds suggests that providing to scholars larning penchants will take to better acquisition. Even so, instructors should assist pupils to place their acquisition manners. Knowing their ain acquisition manner does assist scholars to construct assurance and to larn to pull off their ain acquisition ( Learning Styles & A ; Strategies Manitoba Education & A ; Training, 1998 ) . It will besides assist pupils to take or disregard things that cause them jobs in larning. After identify pupils ‘ acquisition manners, instructors can learn them how to utilize their encephalon best and give them insight into their strengths, failings and wonts. Besides, by acknowledging and understanding the pupils ‘ acquisition manners, pupils and instructor can utilize techniques better to accommodate each other. Students can better their velocity and quality of larning. The acquisition procedure will besides enjoyable. Harmonizing to Wikipedia, preferred learning manners can steer the manner we learn and besides alter our internally represent experiences and the manner we recall information. Students will benefits from detecting how they process information best. Therefore, many ushers and techniques were still recommended from pedagogues about cognizing and identify pupils ‘ acquisition manners even there is n't equal grounds base to warrant integrating larning styles appraisals into general educational pattern ( Moore, 2010 ) . Students that understand the differences of larning manners will besides assist them in understand others and assist them associate to and pass on better with the assorted people in their life. If the figure of failures when communicate efficaciously with other lessening, pupils will experience confident and satisfy in working with others. By understanding ain acquisition manners, we can besides cut down the emphasis and defeat of larning experiences in the state of affairs to get the better of the restrictions of hapless teachers ( Studyingstyle.com, 2010 ) . Educators are so compelling or appealing to the thought of measurement and instruction to pupils ‘ acquisition manners because the consciousness of larning manners differences can assist teachers learn in a mode that efficaciously reaches most pupils ( Oncourseworkshop.com, 1970 ) . Teaching by integrating a assortment of active larning schemes can do learning more rewarding and enhance pupils ‘ motive at the same clip. Even though instructors can near larning manners from different subjects and experiences, an apprehension of the different acquisition manners is cardinal to the single attacks of learning ( www.learningrx.com/learning-styles.htm ) . However, if an teacher relies on lone scholars ‘ best manner, alternatively of assisting them develop the other larning manners they are weak in will convey drawbacks in their acquisition. When scholar is encourage to avoid countries they are weak in, the underlying cognitive accomplishments in that country will stay weak and that scholar may lose the chance to to the full develop an array of acquisition tools. Therefore, every scholar needs a strong foundation in the nucleus cognitive skills no affair which larning manner they prefer ( www.learningrx.com/learning-styles.htm ) . Cognitive constituents are the internal control of the system of running the cognition ( Kazu, 2009 ) . There are mental abilities required for long-run proficiency in nucleus topics such as authorship, reading and calculating. Cognitive accomplishments can be improved through instruction. One of another possibility drawback of utilizing larning manners to steer direction is the trouble of be aftering a lesson which incorporates all four acquisition manners. Even it is n't difficult to include both audile and ocular acquisition manners in a lesson, but the sad truth is many pupils have the tactile and kinaesthetic acquisition manner ( Kelly, 2013 ) . Therefore, it is non possible to affect all acquisition manners in a lesson. If a instructor tries to utilizing larning manners to steer direction but mismatches exist between larning manners of most pupils in a category, the pupils may go inattentive and bored in the category. As the consequence, pupils perform ill in trials, acquire discourage about the classs, the course of study and even themselves. Students might get down inquiring if they are in the right profession. Most earnestly, society will loses potentially first-class professionals ( Www4.ncsu.edu, 2002 ) . Furthermore, instructors may see integrating a assortment of instructional schemes into every lesson as a load. Teachers need more clip to be after, more day-to-day instructional clip and less pupils to steer direction utilizing learning manners. Teachers will experience emphasis with the multi-faceted instructional activities with the short instructional period. The trouble in managing a schoolroom with multiple larning manners poses a challenge to instructors. Students might show behavior jobs due to defeats and ennui from the type of direction that is typically given. To steer direction by utilizing larning manners besides need necessary curricular stuffs. These stuffs play a important function in implementing a assortment of instructional schemes to run into the demand of different acquisition manners. For illustrations, teacher need videos and ocular AIDSs form ocular scholar, audio entering stuff for auditory scholars, originative art activities for tactile scholars and kinaesthetic activities for kinaesthetic scholars. All these stuffs should be utile in learning and larning and able to delivered information and cognition to scholars. The most possible drawback from these curricular stuffs is instructors need financess, cognition, support and experience from assortment section. In order for instructors to implement a assortment of instructional schemes in their lesson, instructors need ongoing chances to construct their apprehension in larning manners and suited abilities. Without the experiences from detecting theoretical account schoolrooms, workshops, or analyzing, instructors might mismatch the lesson and therefore convey to serious negative effects. Teachers might be given to disregard others factors such as schoolroom clime, motive, background, multicultural issues, gender and cultural that besides act uponing scholar ‘s learning quality ( Montgomery & A ; Groat, 1998 ) .

Genetic Information Essay

The goal of this essay is to determine whether the information presented within it could be considered a violation or a non-violation of the GINA of 2008. A case study has been determined to be a method to learn about a complex instance. This information is based on understanding the detailed instance and analyzing the context as a whole. I will be briefly discussing this case study. The GINA legislation had unanimous support when it was signed into law by President Bush. This case study is broken down into many different stories that focus on GINA. The Act was voted into Congress in 2008 (Hudson, Holohan, & Collins, 2014). Case studies also describes an analyses of persons, events, decisions, periods, projects, policies, institutions, or other systems that are studied. GINA is being described as promoting genetic research and preventive screening, safeguard medical privacy, and prevent unfair treatment of individuals based on traits that are linked to diseases (Hudson, Holohan, Coll ins, 2014). There was talk about the threat that arises from the Supreme Court’s federalism revolution of 1995-2001. Chief Justice Rehnquist took greater strides in placing a limit on the power of Congress. These rules affected the Tenth, Eleventh, and Fourteenth Amendments along with the Commerce Clause that would balance the power of the state and federal (Tobin, 2008). It is stated in the fact sheet that â€Å"GINA expands the genetic information protections included in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). HIPAA prevents a plan or issuer from imposing a preexisting condition exclusion provision based solely on genetic information, and prohibits discrimination in individual eligibility, benefits, or premiums based on any health factor (including genetic information)† (United States Department of Labor, 2009). Surveys was taken from 50 states that relied on the Bureau of Labor Statistics. These surveys showed disparities in private sector leave and  gender differences. Arguments are made over the distinction based on the level of scrutiny (Tobin, 2008). GINA was first introduced in 1995 in response to concerns about the misuse of information regarding genetic predispositions to various diseases. The bill sought to help those that was applying for insurance to keep them from being denied. According to GINA the analysis went wrong in some aspect of employment. The Supreme Court’s Section 5 jurisprudence insofar as they provide remedies for state employees (Tobin, 2008). It is also unlawful for a covered entity to disclose genetic information about applicants, employees or members. Covered entities must keep genetic information confidential and in a separate medical file (Tobin, 2008). There are limited exceptions to this non-disclosure rule, such as exceptions that provide for the disclosure of relevant genetic information to government officials investigating compliance with Title II of GINA and for disclosures made pursuant to a court order (Tobin, 2008). When it comes down to any type of employment the law forbids discrimination on the basis of genetic information which include hiring, firing, pay, job assignments, promotions, layoffs, training, fringe benefits, or any other type of employment. An employer should never use genetic information to make an employment decision because genetic information is not relevant to an individual’s ability to work at any time (Tobin, 2008). A goal of the policy is to protect equality and privacy of an employer that lose their jobs as a result to genetic testing. According to Kimel and Garrett evidence that Congress collected is of no concern because it’s only in the private sector and not by state. Some states argued that being flexible to GINA is not consistent with the Court’s (Tobin, 2008). Instances in these cases shows the analysis of the areas that are considered too went wrong with GINA. For instance, courts need to apply heightened constitutional scrutiny to genetic discrimination. This will keep states from arguing against them and win stating its insufficient data. Another examples is there is a strong case for abrogating sovereign immunity in those cases where employers rely on the information that is took from genetic testing that has been linked to racial or ethnic backgrounds. The last reason is the provisions that uphold GINA’S privacy in 5 legislations has an uncertainty about it not being strong enough to work against state  employment. The Voting Rights Act Reauthorization Act was created in 2006 to place jurisdictions on the voting history of racial discrimination. The research from this act allowed congress to take action towards making decisions on these issues. Approval would have to come from the attorney General or a federal court. This pro vision help minority voters the ability to vote and make their voice heard through the election process (Tobin, 2008). Another concern was about racial profiling policies and procedures that needed to be changed to prohibit police from unjustly stereotyping individuals (Tobin, 2008). This bill called End Racial Profiling Act was entered into the legislations by Rep. John Conyers and Sen. Russ Feingold in 2001. The courts shouldn’t have invalidated the civil rights as it did because it didn’t put enough force on change for minorities. It has hesitantly enforced the rights of persecuted minorities and in many ways it has changed the face of the United States law and politics. I determined that GINA has been cited as a strong step forward, but I believe that the legislation does not go far enough in enabling personal control over genetic testing results. In conclusion, these cases have changed the livelihood of many people but more need to be done for better congressional. Some Courts have supported equal right while other decisions have hindered them. References Tobin, H. (2008). The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008: A Case Study of the Need For Better Congressional Responses to Federalism Jurisprudence. Retrieved from Ashford University. Hudson, K., Holohan, M. K., & Collins, F. (2014). Keeping Pace with the Times – The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008. Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0803964 United States Department of Labor (2009). Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.dol.gov/ebsa/newsroom/fsGINA.html